If your EAL is not functioning normally check the batteries and or power source, as some units will not operate effectively when the charge falls below 50%. Some of the larger units use a small transformer connected to a standard electrical circuit. Like most electronic devices, the EAL are powered by an electrical source which are usually replaceable or rechargeable batteries. However since these devices are not infallible, and often may give misleading readings, this article will discus some of the common problems encountered during routine endodontic treatment. These EAL are able to operate in the presence of intact or necrotic tissue, inflammatory exudates, and irrigant solutions such as sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. New miniature EAL recently introduced have proved to be as accurate as the larger models after 2005. from the apical constriction in In Vivo tests (Moshonov et al (2004), Pagavino (1998), Dunlap (1998), Shabahang (1996). These 4th generation units have proven to be very accurate, varying by 0.5- 1.0mm. In the intervening 40 years new generations of EAL have been developed which use multiple alternating currents and frequencies to measure root canal length. The first apex locators operated on a dc current and the accuracy was dependant on a relatively dry canal without electrolytes, blood, or inflammatory exudates. Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) were introduced to the dental profession in the early ’60s by Sunada in 1962 based on the work of Suzuki first described in 1942, where he found that the electrical resistance between a file inserted into a root canal and an electrode attached to the oral mucosa was relatively constant.
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